Quizlet Ownership Transfer to the Family Terms and Glossary
Like other areas of report, family history has its own vocabulary that you'll encounter in your research. Our editorial staff has put together this list of key genealogy terms to give you a paw.
Skip ahead to a particular letter past clicking on it below:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U Five W X Y Z
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A
abstract
An abbreviated transcription of a document that includes the date of the record and every name it contains. It may also provide relationships or descriptions (witness, executor, bondsman, son, widow) of the people mentioned.
Ahnentafel
A German word pregnant "ancestor table." This organization of numbering gives each ancestor a number and makes organization and reference easier. Fathers are fifty-fifty numbers, mothers odd. To notice a father'southward number, double the child's number. (For case: If y'all are 1, the, your male parent is 2). Add 1 to the father's number to get the mother's number. (Your mother would exist 3.)
aliquot parts
In the rectangular survey organisation, a description for an exact subdivision of a section of land. Aliquot parts use directions and fractions to indicate the land's location—for example, W 1/2 SE one/4 represents the western half of the southeast quarter of a township.
ancestors
The relatives you descend from directly, including parents, grandparents, slap-up-grandparents and and so on. Your number of ancestors doubles each generation you movement astern: 4 grandparents, 8 neat-grandparents, 16 dandy-dandy-grandparents and then on.
autosomal DNA (atDNA)
Genetic cloth inherited as from mother and father. Many companies sell kits that examination atDNA, and results provide information on indigenous origins and Deoxyribonucleic acid matches (people with whom you share a sizable amount of Deoxyribonucleic acid).
B
banns (or marriage banns)
Church-generated documents publicly stating couples' intent to marry. The custom dates back to Colonial America; banns were posted or read on three sequent Sundays.
block number
A one-, ii-, or three-digit number that describes a cake (or piece) of land within a township.
bail
A written, signed and witnessed agreement requiring someone to pay a specified amount of coin by a given date.
compensation land
Land granted by the Colonial and federal governments every bit a advantage for military machine service. Bounty-land warrants—documents granting the right to the land—were assigned to soldiers, their heirs and other individuals.
Agency of Land Management General Country Role (GLO)
The US authorities part historically in charge of administering public land. Usually, several co-operative country offices existed for each land. Its website contains a searchable database with millions of digitized federal country patents.
C
cemetery records
Records of the names and death dates of those buried, also as maps of grave sites. These records are usually kept by cemetery caretakers, and may include in the names of the deceased's relatives. In addition to these paper records, tombstones as well can provide information such as birth and death dates and the names of other family members.
census
An official count of the population in a particular area. In addition to counting the inhabitants of an area, censuses mostly collect other details, such equally names, ages, citizenship condition and ethnic background. The The states government began collecting census data in 1790, and has done and then every ten years since then. Selected states have conducted their ain censuses over the years.
certified copy
A copy made and attested to by officers having accuse of the original and who are authorized to give copies.
chromosome
A threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes and transmits hereditary information.
cluster genealogy
Studying your antecedent as part of a group, or "cluster," of relatives, friends and neighbors and associates. The cluster approach can aid yous find (or confirm) details you lot might miss past looking only at an individual antecedent.
collateral relative
Any kin who aren't in your direct line, such as siblings, aunts, uncles and cousins.
credit patent
A document transferring land to be paid for in installments over a 4-yr period. A delinquent payment or nonpayment of the total balance resulted in forfeiture. In 1820, Congress required full payment for land at the time of buy.
D
declaration of intention
An alien'due south sworn statement that he or she wants to become a US citizen, also called "first papers." These records, which were filed in federal court, list personal details such as proper noun, age, occupation, birthplace, concluding foreign residence and more.
deed
A certificate transferring ownership and title of holding. Dissimilar a patent, a human activity records the sale of property from one private individual to another.
delayed birth certificate
Birth documentation created a significant flow of fourth dimension after a person's nascence. In the absence of a birth certificate, a person could provide the government with sufficient show and generate a vital record that could be used for official purposes.
descendant written report
Like to an Outline Descendant Nautical chart, the Descendant study in Generations also includes dates and places of birth, expiry and burial. It's useful as a meaty format for displaying detailed data on a person's descendants.
descendants
An ancestor's offspring—children, grandchildren and every new generation in the straight line.
Dna
The molecule that contains each cell'southward genetic code, organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes. Genetic genealogy tests analyze your Y-Deoxyribonucleic acid, mtDNA or autosomal DNA.
documentation
The procedure of citing your sources of family history information. Thorough documentation makes it easier for you to go on track of the details and sources you've already researched. It also allows other researchers to verify your findings.
double cousin
A non-sibling with whom you share both sets of grandparents. This can happen, for example, if two brothers from 1 family unit marry two sisters from another. Their children will all be double cousins.
Eastward
enumeration districts
Divisions of each county and some large cities used to make census taking more efficient and accurate. For big cities, the boundaries of enumeration districts often match those of wards or precincts.
F
family group record (or canvass)
Succinctly summarizes your information on a couple and their children. Includes names; dates and places of birth, baptism, marriage, death and burial; and source citations. Arrange these sheets by husband's terminal proper noun in a iii-ring folder for easy reference at domicile and on research outings.
Family History Library (FHL)
The world's largest genealogical information collection, founded in 1894 by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The main co-operative is in Salt Lake City, Utah, but many of the library'due south resources can be accessed at its Family History Centers spread beyond the world. The FHL also operates FamilySearch, a complimentary website with billions of digitized records.
first cousin
A relative with whom your most recent common ancestor is a grandparent—for instance, the children of your parent'south sibling (i.e., the children of your aunt or uncle). See "How to Calculate Cousinhood" for more.
five-generation chart
Displays data about a subject and four generations of their ancestors. The v-generation nautical chart has v columns reading from left to right. Column 1 (a single box) contains your vital information. Column ii (two lines) contains the names of your parents and their vital information. The third, fourth and fifth columns have 4, viii and sixteen lines, respectively, for you to list the names and vital information of anybody through your corking-nifty-grandparents.
freedman
A male person released from slavery; an emancipated person.
G
gazetteer
A geographical dictionary; a book giving names and descriptions of places, usually in alphabetical order.
GEDCOM
GEnealogy Data COMmunications, the universal file format for genealogy databases that allows users of unlike software programs to share their data with others.
gene
A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome, and determines a particular feature in an organism.
genealogy
The written report of your family's history; the procedure of tracing your ancestors back through time.
genetic marker
Represents a specific location on a chromosome where the basic genetic units be in a variable number of repeated copies.
Gregorian calendar
The "New Style" agenda introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 that replaced the Julian calendar. Most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1582. But other countries adopted the calendar later, creating difficulties when examining historical documents from different countries.
H
haplogroup
An identification of the genetic group your ancient ancestors (10,000 to sixty,000 years ago) belonged to; sometimes referred to as your branch of the earth's family tree. Haplogroups are given equally function of your mtDNA and Y-Dna test results.
homestead
Normally, a dwelling house on state obtained from the US government. Function of the agreement between the homesteader and the government was that the individual had to live on the land and make improvements to it, such every bit calculation buildings and immigration fields.
Homestead Act of 1862
A law allowing people to settle up to 160 acres of public land if they lived on it for 5 years and grew crops or fabricated improvements. The land didn't cost anything, but the settler paid a filing fee.
I
index
In genealogical terms, an alphabetical list of names taken from a particular set of records. For case, a census alphabetize lists the names of people named in a item set of demography records, such as the 1870 or 1900 census. Indexes can come up in many forms: printed documents, CD-ROMs, microfilm or microfiche, and online keyword-searchable databases.
International Genealogical Index (IGI)
An index of people's names that were either submitted to the church, or were extracted from records that the Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-mean solar day Saints has microfilmed over the years. An archival version of the index is available on FamilySearch.
intestate
Description of a person who died without leaving a will.
J
Julian calendar
The calendar used from 46 BC to about 1582, named for Julius Caesar. Information technology's frequently referred to as the "Old Style" agenda and was replaced by the Gregorian agenda.
K
kindred
Claret relatives.
Fifty
land-entry case file
A file created when a person claimed state under an deed of Congress, such as the Homestead Human activity of 1862. The person first filled out an application at the local General Land Function, and sometimes provided other information (such every bit marriage or immigration documents). The file as well might contain receipts; affidavits of occupation, clearing, marriage and homestead awarding; or other materials.
country merits
A settler'southward application to receive public country.
land grant
Public land given to an individual by the government, usually equally a reward for war machine service.
state patent
A certificate transferring state ownership from the federal regime to an private.
legal country description
In a land patent, an exact identification of the country being transferred using survey terms.
legacy
Property or money ancestral to someone in a will.
lien
A claim placed on holding by a person who is owed money.
local history
Normally, a volume nearly a particular town or county. Local histories were quite popular in the tardily 19th century. While they often give the history of the development of the surface area, they unremarkably also include some information about the of import families that lived there.
M
manuscripts
Handwritten documents and records such every bit diaries, letters, or family Bible entries that can contain items relating to family, business or arrangement papers. You tin can find manuscript collections by consulting the National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (NUCMC), which shows libraries' holdings.
medical records
Paperwork associated with medical treatments. Medical records, because they are considered individual documents, may not be accessible to the public. But hospital records, doctors' or midwives' journals, veterans' files and asylum records can be establish with some hunting.
meridian
An imaginary due north-south line. A principal meridian is the starting point for a rectangular state survey.
metes and premises
A land survey method employing compass directions, natural landmarks and distances between points.
military machine records
Records of military service that have been kept in one course or another past a government. Military records fall into two basic categories—compiled service records and veterans' benefits—and tin can include volunteer records, pension and bounty land warrant applications, draft registration cards and military discharge papers.
Miracode organization
An indexing arrangement similar to Soundex that was used to organize the results of the 1910 census. Miracode alphabetize cards are computer generated rather than handwritten, and are organized first by Soundex lawmaking, then alphabetically by county, then alphabetically by given name.
mitochondrial Dna
Genetic cloth both males and females inherit from their mothers. Because information technology'south passed downwards mostly unchanged from mothers to daughters, mtDNA tin can tell you well-nigh your maternal line—only the results reveal only "deep beginnings," non definitive links to contempo generations.
bloodshed schedule
A section of the federal census list information nearly persons who died during the census year.
near contempo common ancestor (MRCA)
The ancestor generationally closest to you in a family tree that both y'all and a relative are a descendant of. Identifying this individual (or couple) is critical in determining how you and another person are related. For example, yous and your sibling'due south MRCAs are your begetter and mother.
North
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
The United States' archive of all federal records, including census records, armed services service rolls and pension applications, rider lists and bounty-country warrants. In addition to the primary archives in Washington, DC, NARA has regional facilities beyond the nation.
naturalization records
Documents of the process by which an immigrant becomes a denizen. An individual has to live in the U.s.a. for a specific menstruum of fourth dimension and file a series of forms with a court before he or she can become naturalized. Naturalization records provide the nascence identify and engagement, engagement of arrival into the U.s.a., place of residence at the time of naturalization, a personal clarification and sometimes the send names and the private's occupation.
NGS Quarterly (NGSQ) system
A narrative written report showing an individual'due south descendants arranged by generation. Every child in a family unit gets both a Roman numeral (i, 2, iii …) and an Arabic numeral (2, 3, 4 …) . A plus sign indicates that a child appears equally a parent in the next generation. Named for the journal of the National Genealogical Society.
New England Historical and Genealogical Annals Organization
A genealogical numbering arrangement showing an private's descendants arranged by generation. All children in a family go Roman numerals (i, ii, iii …) and every child afterward listed as a parent also gets an Standard arabic numeral (2, three, four …) and then y'all can easily trace a family line from generation to generation. Named for the journal of the New England Celebrated Genealogical Order.
O
oral history
A collection of family stories told by a member of the family or by a close family friend. You can transcribe an oral history onto paper, or video- or record-tape it. Oral histories frequently yield stories and data you won't find written in records.
orphan asylum
An orphanage, or dwelling house for children whose parents take died.
P
rider listing (or passenger inflow list)
List of the names and information nigh passengers that arrived on ships into a land. These lists were submitted to customs collectors at every port by the ship'south principal. Passenger lists were not officially required by the United states of america government until 1820. Before that engagement, the information about each passenger varied widely, from names to number of numberless.
pedigree
List of a person'south ancestors.
pension (military machine)
A benefit paid regularly to a veteran (or his widow) for military service or a military service-related inability.
Journal Source Alphabetize (PERSI)
A impress and online alphabetize to more than 11,000 genealogy and local history periodicals published in the U.s.a. and Canada between 1847 and 1985. PERSI is a project of the Allen County Library in Fort Wayne, Ind., and bachelor through Findmypast.
petition for naturalization
The second document a person needed to file to get a denizen. These "final papers" were filed in federal court subsequently the applicant filed a declaration of intention, had lived in the country for a gear up period of time, and waited the appropriate amount of time. The document includes name, residence, occupation, nascence date and identify, appointment of arrival, marital condition and more.
plat
A drawing that shows the boundaries and features of a slice of holding. In genealogy, platting refers to creating such a drawing from a metes-and-bounds or legal land description as a surveyor would have done.
pre-emption
The right of a settler to larn belongings that he had occupied before the authorities officially sold or surveyed it.
primary source
A record or other source created at the time of a particular issue. A primary source is always the original tape—for example, birth and expiry certificates are primary sources for those events. Only an original record is not always a primary source: For example, a death certificate isn't a primary source of birth information.
probate records
Records disposing of a deceased individual's belongings. They may include an individual's final will and testament, if ane was made. The information you tin can get from probate records varies, just usually includes the name of the deceased, either the deceased'due south age at the time of decease or birth date, property, members of the family, and the last identify of residence.
public land
Land originally endemic by the federal regime and sold to individuals.
Q
quarter section
In the rectangular survey system, one-quaternary of a section of land, equal to 160 acres.
R
range
A row or column of townships lying east or west of the principal meridian and numbered successively to the east and to the west from the main meridian.
existent property
Land and anything attached to information technology, such as houses, building, barns, growing timber and growing crops.
removed (eastward.g., in one case removed; twice removed)
A term that describes a situation in which two relatives have a different number of generations betwixt them and a nearly recent mutual antecedent. The number (once, twice, etc.) reflects the number of generations' difference. For case, say you and Cousin X take Ancestor Y in common. Ancestor Y is your grandfather, merely cousin X'south great-grandfather—a 1-generation difference. Therefore, you lot and Cousin X are first cousins once removed. See "How to Calculate Cousinhood" for more.
rectangular survey system
The land survey method that the General Country Function used most frequently. Information technology employs base lines, one due east-due west and one n-south, that cross at a known geographic position. Two large rectangles, called townships—each generally 24 miles square—are described in relation to the base lines. Townships are subdivided into sections.
S
self-addressed, stamped envelope (SASE)
When y'all request records or other information from people and institutions, yous should include a cocky-addressed, stamped envelope (SASE) in your letter.
second cousin
A relative with whom your most recent common ancestor is a dandy-grandparent—for example, the children of your parent's starting time cousin. Encounter "How to Calculate Cousinhood" for more.
secondary source
A record created after an event occurred, such equally a biography, local history, alphabetize, oral history interview or computer database. Original records as well can be secondary sources for information about earlier events—for example, a marriage certificate would be a secondary source for a birth date considering the nascence took place several years before the time of the marriage. Use the details you find in secondary sources as clues until yous tin verify them in original records.
department
A partitioning of country inside a township that measures one square mile (640 acres)—nearly one/36 of a township. Sections were further subdivided into half sections, quarter sections and sixteenth sections, or into lots.
Social Security Death Index
An index of Social Security Death records. Generally this includes names of deceased Social Security recipients whose relatives applied for Social Security Death Benefits after their passing. Also included in the millions of records are approximately 400,000 railroad retirement records from the early 1900s to 1950s.
Soundex
A organisation of coding surnames based on how they sound, which was used to index the 1880 and afterward censuses. The Soundex system is useful in locating records containing alternate surname spellings. Soundex cards are bundled starting time past Soundex code, then alphabetically past given proper noun, and then (if necessary) alphabetically by place of birth.
state land
Land originally endemic by a state or another entity, rather than the federal government.
T
township
In a government survey, it'south a square tract six miles on each side (36 square miles); a proper name given to the ceremonious and political subdivisions of a canton.
3rd cousin
A relative with whom your most recent mutual ancestor is a smashing-not bad-grandparent—for example, the children of your grandparent's first cousin. See "How to Calculate Cousinhood" for more.
tract
A packet of land that isn't fully contained within a single section. Tracts within a township are numbered commencement with 37 to avert confusion with section numbers.
U
matrimony list or matrimony catalog
A bibliography or itemize of materials held by multiple libraries or repositories, such as the National Matrimony Catalog of Manuscript Collections, a Library of Congress-generated finding assistance for personal papers in institutions nationwide.
usury
This term used to refer to all interest paid, non just illegally high interest every bit it does today.
V
visitation number
On a 1910 Miracode index card, the house number of the indexed private.
vital records
The almost bones information available for a person. These statistics—constitute in vital records—include nascency (abbreviated b), marriage date and place (abbreviated m), divorce date and place if applicable (abbreviated div) and death date and burying place (abbreviated d and bur).
vivandière
A woman who followed a military regiment as a sutler or bottle keeper. Though exact numbers are unknown, many women served in this capacity during the American Civil War.
book number
On a Soundex or Miracode alphabetize carte du jour, the number of the demography volume in which the indexed name appears.
voter registration
A list of registered voters. Voter registration lists are sometimes the first public records of quondam slaves.
W
will
A document in which a person outlines what should be done with his or her estate subsequently decease. The legal process to run across that those instructions are carried out is called probate.
witness
A person who sees an outcome and signs a certificate attesting to its content beingness authentic. Although family unit members ofttimes served as witnesses, don't assume that witnesses on a record are relatives—friends, neighbors and business concern assembly also commonly witnessed documents.
X
X
What the signer of a document would often write if he couldn't write his proper noun. A witness would typically label this "his marking."
Y
Y-DNA
Genetic material passed down from father to son. Considering surnames likewise laissez passer from father to son, Y-Deoxyribonucleic acid tests can confirm (or disprove) genealogical links through a paternal line. Y-Dna surname studies are the almost popular awarding of genetic genealogy.
Z
Zouaves
A name adopted by some Civil State of war Spousal relationship volunteer regiments, who wore brightly colored uniforms, similar to the French light infantry units of the same name.
Last updated: April 2020
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Source: https://www.familytreemagazine.com/general-genealogy/glossary/
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